Informations we can extract

in scattering experiment,  the raw informations we can know or observe are only 2 things:

1. the number of particles counted at particular solid angle. ( when you have a unit sphere, the area on the surface is called solid angle)
2. The polarization (spin)
3. charge
4. energy
5. momentum (time of flight) 

Since the number of particles counted is related to the intensity of the incident beam, the density of the target, the interaction and the differential cross section.

on the other hand, the number of particles counted should be related to intensity of incident beam, density of the target and interaction potential. Thus, the differential cross section is related to the interaction potential. 

The polarization can be measured by 2nd scattering of known polarization target. or directly from a polarized primary target.